ironjustice
2015-05-28 14:25:32 UTC
High nigral iron deposition in LRRK2 and Parkin mutation carriers using R2* relaxometry.
Mov Disord. 2015 May 22. doi: 10.1002/mds.26218.
Pyatigorskaya N1,2, Sharman M1, Corvol JC1,3,4, Valabregue R1,3, Yahia-Cherif L1,2,3, Poupon F5, Cormier-Dequaire F1,3,4, Siebner H6, Klebe S1,3,4,7,8, Vidailhet M3,9, Brice A1,3,7, Lehéricy S1,2,3.
Abstract
The goal of this work was to investigate iron deposition in the basal ganglia and thalamus in symptomatic and asymptomatic leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and Parkin-associated Parkinson's disease (PD), using R2* relaxometry rate. Twenty subjects with genetic PD (four symptomatic and two asymptomatic Parkin subjects, nine symptomatic and five asymptomatic LRRK2 subjects) were compared with 20 patients with idiopathic PD (IPD) and 20 healthy subjects. Images were obtained at 3 teslas, using multi-echo T2 and T2* sequences. R2 and R2* values were calculated in the substantia nigra (SN), the striatum, the globus pallidus, and the thalamus. The R2* values in the SN were increased in IPD and mutation-carrying patients as compared with controls and in mutation-carrying patients as compared with IPD. Asymptomatic mutation carriers showed higher R2* values than controls and did not differ from IPD patients. No changes were seen in the other structures or in R2 values. These results are consistent with increased iron load in LRRK2- and Parkin-mutation carriers. The increased R2* in asymptomatic PD-mutation carriers suggests that iron deposition occurs early during the preclinical phase of the disease. R2* measurements may be used as markers for investigating nigrostriatal damage in preclinical mutation-carrying patients. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
© 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
KEYWORDS:
LRRK2; MRI; Parkin; Parkinson's disease; relaxometry
PMID: 26011561
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Phytic acid attenuates inflammatory responses and the levels of NF-κB and p-ERK in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model of mice.
Lv Y1, Zhang Z2, Hou L3, Zhang L4, Zhang J1, Wang Y1, Liu C5, Xu P1, Liu L1, Gai X1, Lu T1.
Neurosci Lett. 2015 Jun 15;597:132-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.04.040. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is a naturally occurring constituent which exhibits protective action in Parkinson's disease (PD). Inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) is strongly associated with neuronal death in PD. However, the molecular mechanism of the protective effect of PA in PD has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we tried to testify the protection of PA on neuron and inflammatory responses in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model of mice and investigated the mechanism involved in them. Motor behavior test and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry method showed PA significantly inhibited MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra (SN). Moreover, using immunohistochemistry method and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), microglial activation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were found to be markedly repressed by PA. Via western blot assay, expressions of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) were significantly attenuated by PA. In conclusion, it is suggested that PA has a neuroprotective effect in MPTP-induced PD model and the neuroprotection is correlated with its anti-inflammatory effect which may be associated with suppression of pathways that involved in NF-κB and p-ERK.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
ERK; Inflammation; NF-κB; Parkinson’s disease; Phytic acid; iNOS
PMID: 25929185
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http://www.jbc.org/content/262/24/11647.short
Phytic acid. A natural antioxidant.
E Graf, K L Empson and J W Eaton
Abstract
The catalysis by iron of radical formation and subsequent oxidative damage has been well documented.
Although many iron-chelating agents potentiate reactive oxygen formation and lipid peroxidation, phytic acid (abundant in edible legumes, cereals, and seeds) forms an iron chelate which greatly accelerates Fe2+-mediated oxygen reduction yet blocks iron-driven hydroxyl radical generation and suppresses lipid peroxidation.
Furthermore, high concentrations of phytic acid prevent browning and putrefaction of various fruits and vegetables by inhibiting polyphenol oxidase. These observations indicate an important antioxidant function for phytate in seeds during dormancy and suggest that phytate may be a substitute for presently employed preservatives, many of which pose potential health hazards.
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Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
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Mov Disord. 2015 May 22. doi: 10.1002/mds.26218.
Pyatigorskaya N1,2, Sharman M1, Corvol JC1,3,4, Valabregue R1,3, Yahia-Cherif L1,2,3, Poupon F5, Cormier-Dequaire F1,3,4, Siebner H6, Klebe S1,3,4,7,8, Vidailhet M3,9, Brice A1,3,7, Lehéricy S1,2,3.
Abstract
The goal of this work was to investigate iron deposition in the basal ganglia and thalamus in symptomatic and asymptomatic leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and Parkin-associated Parkinson's disease (PD), using R2* relaxometry rate. Twenty subjects with genetic PD (four symptomatic and two asymptomatic Parkin subjects, nine symptomatic and five asymptomatic LRRK2 subjects) were compared with 20 patients with idiopathic PD (IPD) and 20 healthy subjects. Images were obtained at 3 teslas, using multi-echo T2 and T2* sequences. R2 and R2* values were calculated in the substantia nigra (SN), the striatum, the globus pallidus, and the thalamus. The R2* values in the SN were increased in IPD and mutation-carrying patients as compared with controls and in mutation-carrying patients as compared with IPD. Asymptomatic mutation carriers showed higher R2* values than controls and did not differ from IPD patients. No changes were seen in the other structures or in R2 values. These results are consistent with increased iron load in LRRK2- and Parkin-mutation carriers. The increased R2* in asymptomatic PD-mutation carriers suggests that iron deposition occurs early during the preclinical phase of the disease. R2* measurements may be used as markers for investigating nigrostriatal damage in preclinical mutation-carrying patients. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
© 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
KEYWORDS:
LRRK2; MRI; Parkin; Parkinson's disease; relaxometry
PMID: 26011561
-----------------
Phytic acid attenuates inflammatory responses and the levels of NF-κB and p-ERK in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model of mice.
Lv Y1, Zhang Z2, Hou L3, Zhang L4, Zhang J1, Wang Y1, Liu C5, Xu P1, Liu L1, Gai X1, Lu T1.
Neurosci Lett. 2015 Jun 15;597:132-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.04.040. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is a naturally occurring constituent which exhibits protective action in Parkinson's disease (PD). Inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) is strongly associated with neuronal death in PD. However, the molecular mechanism of the protective effect of PA in PD has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we tried to testify the protection of PA on neuron and inflammatory responses in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model of mice and investigated the mechanism involved in them. Motor behavior test and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry method showed PA significantly inhibited MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra (SN). Moreover, using immunohistochemistry method and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), microglial activation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were found to be markedly repressed by PA. Via western blot assay, expressions of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) were significantly attenuated by PA. In conclusion, it is suggested that PA has a neuroprotective effect in MPTP-induced PD model and the neuroprotection is correlated with its anti-inflammatory effect which may be associated with suppression of pathways that involved in NF-κB and p-ERK.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
ERK; Inflammation; NF-κB; Parkinson’s disease; Phytic acid; iNOS
PMID: 25929185
-----------------------
http://www.jbc.org/content/262/24/11647.short
Phytic acid. A natural antioxidant.
E Graf, K L Empson and J W Eaton
Abstract
The catalysis by iron of radical formation and subsequent oxidative damage has been well documented.
Although many iron-chelating agents potentiate reactive oxygen formation and lipid peroxidation, phytic acid (abundant in edible legumes, cereals, and seeds) forms an iron chelate which greatly accelerates Fe2+-mediated oxygen reduction yet blocks iron-driven hydroxyl radical generation and suppresses lipid peroxidation.
Furthermore, high concentrations of phytic acid prevent browning and putrefaction of various fruits and vegetables by inhibiting polyphenol oxidase. These observations indicate an important antioxidant function for phytate in seeds during dormancy and suggest that phytate may be a substitute for presently employed preservatives, many of which pose potential health hazards.
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/634q5a
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk